the content in different contexts. A traditional multiple-choice quiz tests recall of facts, but gives no indication of what students can do with those facts. By adding a scenario to the quiz, we can create a more complex situation, making it easier to transfer concepts to their real-world context. Application to learning environments For successful using of those approaches it is necessary to define learning objectives and align them with assessment criteria. Through the story, learners can 'process' the case and draw their own conclusions, thus being drawn into the story and having autonomy in how they approach their learning. It's necessary to identify the learning needs, define the problem you are trying to solve and the target group. Identify the starting points of your scenario and explore critical situations. Identify key decision points and the motivations behind these decisions. Identify common mistakes people make and key feedback and reflection points that should be highlighted. A true story is exciting and dramatic, it should not be contrived or unbelievable. It should be built into the story Decision points with immediate feedback that allow the student to be immersed in the story and maintain the momentum of the story. Don't judge - the scenario should draw the student into the story, encourage self-reflection and prepare them for the real learning to come. A low-tech, interactive scenario will make information accessible to the learner, encourage self-reflection and prepare them for the real educational content to come. The topic must be engaging. Using a simple scenario turns a simple multiple choice quiz into a more challenging simulation. Using a scenario brings the content to life and helps to reinforce knowledge of the topic. Feedback directs the learner back to information about the topic if they have made an incorrect choice, reinforcing the learning rather than simply stating the correct answer. Sometimes it is useful to combine storytelling and scenario-based learning with gamification; gaming mechanics such as points and timers can be added to a scenario to create a realistic simulated environment. References and Additional Resources
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